Formula Description:
A function in Excel is a built-in formula designed to perform a specific task, such as adding numbers, finding an average, checking conditions, or manipulating text. Each function has a name and takes one or more arguments (inputs).
Syntax:
=FUNCTION_NAME(argument1, argument2, …)
Examples:
=SUM(A1:A10) → Adds values from A1 to A10.
=AVERAGE(B1:B5) → Finds the average of B1 to B5.
=IF(C1>50, “Pass”, “Fail”) → Returns “Pass” if C1 > 50, otherwise “Fail”.
Nested Functions
Nested functions mean using one function inside another. The result of the inner function is passed as an argument to the outer function. This lets you build more complex formulas and automate decisions.
1. Nested IF (grading system):
=IF(A1>=90,”A”,IF(A1>=80,”B”,IF(A1>=70,”C”,”F”)))
2. IF with LEN and TRIM:
=IF(LEN(TRIM(A1))=0,”Empty”,”Has text”)
3. VLOOKUP with IFERROR:
=IFERROR(VLOOKUP(E2,A2:C10,2,FALSE),”Not Found”)
4. Combining TEXT and TODAY
=”Today is ” & TEXT(TODAY(),”dddd, mmmm dd, yyyy”)
5. Using functions inside SUM
=SUM(SQRT(A1), SQRT(A2))
Tips for nesting functions:
> Start with the innermost function first and test it separately.
> Use the Formula bar and Excel’s Evaluate Formula tool (Formulas tab → Evaluate Formula) to debug.
> Keep formulas readable; sometimes using helper columns is better than deeply nested formulas.
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